preliminary outline

Questions:
After the recession of the 1980s and early 1990s, the Canadian government shifted its way of getting involved in international crisis thus focusing more on multilateralism and the 3Ds- namely Diplomacy, Development and Defense. The main goal of this paper is to look at each component of the 3Ds and to assess if this new method is effective. This paper will take Haiti as a case study for two reasons. 1) According to the CIDA website, Canada's involvement in Haiti has been extensive since it is the country that collects more Canadian's aid in terms of humanitarian, military and political after Afghanistan and 2) Haiti is an actual example of the implementation of the focus on the multilateralism and 3Ds. That being said, we will see in this paper if each component of the 3D taken in order to help Haiti is actually effective.

This is a broad outline of my paper (a completed version will be posted in the next couple of days)

I. Introduction

II. Theory section (this section will focus on the link between international relations and
development)

III. History of Canada and humanitarian aid (how Canada got involved in helping other
countries)

A) The world context after the WWII
a) Europe destroyed and western world's economy blooming
b) Canada stepping up to help ex-colonies and Europe with their economic
difficulties
i) Pearson Commission and target
B) The threat of the Soviet Union and communism
a) Crash of 1930s and growing power of Soviet Union
b) fear of communism from American under McCarthy and consequence on
Canadian Foreign Policies
i) Canada gives a lot of money without much guidelines
C) The shift in Canadian's foreign policy
a) 1980s-90s recession
i) the need for canadian government to focus their help: creation of CIDA
b) the implementation of multilateralism and 3Ds

IV. Case Study: Haiti

A) History of the turbulence in Haiti
a) rebellion against mother country (France)
b) overview of dictatorships and rebellion
i) overview on Duvaliers' reign
ii) Haiti's situation (economic-politic)
ii) boat people and Haitian diaspora
B) The events surrounding 1991
a) Arrival of Aristide and the Lavalas movement
i) seen as savior and elected by population (also supported by Americans)
ii) coup d'etat by Cedras
iii) return of Aristide (but than not supported anymore by Americans)
- violence, corruption, political unrest, socialist talk by president,
dictatorship?
b) Departure of Aristide in 1991
i) Aristide ousted out of the country
-political unrest, chaos
-international comunity's response and Canada's involvement in the
crisis

V) Discussion of Canada's shift to multilateralism and 3Ds in Haiti's context (in this section I
will pull all the information collected above and put all the elements mentionned
together;ie going back to the theory and draw examples from the situation of Haiti while
looking at Canada's involvement)

A) Development
a) CIDA's plan
B) Defense
a) the involvement of MINUTSTAH
C) Diplomacy
a) Canada's involvement in Haiti through OAS and UN

VI) Conclusion